ANALYZING THE EVOLUTION

                                         

                                                  PANDEMIC

1-KNOWLEDGE :

If you understand the origins of a pandemic, you'll have a better knowledge of where it came from and may be able to prevent it in the future. 

It was almost likely bird flu at first, but we also know that the same flu, or something very close to it, was present in pigs at the same time. Perhaps it's someone who works closely with birds or pigs or has some other similar experience. One of the most important and unanswered questions in flu research and public health is. How does a virus adapt from one species to another, for example, how does a virus from pigs or birds infect humans and begin to spread? 

2- HOW DOES THE VIRUS ADOPT :

The main question then becomes: how does the virus adapt within that individual to stop being a pig or bird virus and instead become a human virus? In other words, to be able to transmit from human to human, and to be able to transmit from human to human, and to be able to transmit from human to human, and to be able to transmit from human to human, and to be able to transmit from human to human, and to be able to transmit from human to human, and in many cases, we won't be successful, but in a few cases, we will, and that's when the virus can be transmitted.

Begin to spread between people, resulting in a flu pandemic, and then remain in humans as seasonal flu. 

It appeared to be fading down just as people were commemorating Armistice Day, but it resurfaced and a far more dangerous and virulent form arose. 

So the second wave spread like wildfire, impacting a third or quarter of the world's population, and it was short-lived, petering out not long after, perhaps in 1920/1921, but it was short-lived in the sense. 

What happened was that the virus continued to spread among humans, in fact, it did so until 1957, and the virus likely adapted to humans. 

3-ANALYZING THE EVOLUTION :

It wasn't an avian or swine virus that got into people and became more pathogenic by chance. 
In a Cambridge lab, we look at both seasonal and pandemic flu from the perspective of how the virus evolves. And how can we predict that evolution and develop vaccines to understand what the virus will do next and to develop vaccines against future strains? We can artificially evolve the virus in the lab and on the computer to understand what it will do next and to develop vaccines against future strains. So this is the fundamental science of analyzing the evolution and attempting to predict it. Nobody has ever been able to do this before for a complicated organism. Then putting that knowledge to work to develop stronger vaccinations.

4-TRIGGERS :

On the pandemic flu front, we do a similar thing where we look at how the virus is changing - how it changes in birds, how it changes in birds and other species, and to try to see what possible variants there might be, but there might be, and to develop vaccines that can protect against all of the variants we see. 
Because flu is continually mutating and changing its genetic code, it is extremely difficult to eradicate. We study the influenza virus, specifically the enzyme that copies the virus's genetic code when it enters our cells. We're particularly interested in how this enzyme does this function and how it introduces mutations to a viral genome, this results in the development of new strains for which new vaccinations are required. 
We're also curious about what happens when this enzyme messes up how it triggers the innate immune system and contributes to illness. We have no idea why there hasn't been another pandemic as terrible as the 1918 influenza. Scientists and public health authorities are concerned about the national risk register, which is how our government aims to identify all dangers to civil society in the United Kingdom. There are only two occurrences that can be considered the most catastrophic terrorist attack or an influenza epidemic. There is a serious danger that such pandemics could occur, for example.The H5 and H7 flu viruses have infected over 2,000 people, with about half of them dying. With the H7 viruses, there has been some ineffective transmission from human to human, but it hasn't really taken off. There's a real danger that if any of those viruses adapt to spread well between humans, it may be as terrible as the 1918 virus, which is why so much study is being done.